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Главная Переработка нефти и газа § 6. Experimental data on the magnitudes of the creep parameters of frozen soils.................... § 7. Certain general conclusions on the flow of frozen soils under load.................-.......-" €hapter IV. Strength properties of frozen soils, and critical strength values......................... § 1. Instability of the strength properties of frozen soils .... 145 § 2. Compressive and tensile strengths of frozen soils.....152 § 3. Shear strength of frozen soils............... 1 § 4. Adfreezing strength of frozen soils............ 168 § 5. Resistance of frozen soils to failure by cutting....... 172 § 6. Critical strength values of frozen soils.......... 177 § 7. Examples of strength calculations for frozen soils..... 185 Chapter V. Deformation of frozen soils at subzero temperatures .... 190 § 1. Kinds of deformations of frozen soils at subzero temperatures ........................190 § 2. Elastic deformations of frozen soils and their characteristics..........................191 § 3. Elastic deformations of the laminated stratification of frozen soils...........................198 § 4. Compaction deformations of frozen soils.........205 § 5. Damped-creep deformations of frozen soils.........211 § 6. Plasto-viscous flow deformations of frozen soils......215 § 7. Predicting settlements of foundations in plastic frozen soils at subzero temperatures..................218 Chapter VI. Settlement of frozen soils upon thawing..........222 § 1. Significance of the problem...............222 § 2. Changes in the compressibility of soils upon freezing and subsequent thawing....................224 § 3. Compression of frozen soils upon thawing........228 § 4. Determining the full stabilized settlement of foundations in thawing soils .....................235 § 5. Predicting the course of settlement in time in the thawing of coarse-skeleton soils..................243 § 6. Predicting the course of settlement in time in the thawing " of dispersive (clayey) soils...............248 § 7. Settlement of bases in the prethawing of permafrost soils 262 PART TWO APPLICATIONS OF FROZEN SOIL MECHANICS IN PRACTICE Chapter VII. Geocryological engineering investigations of permafrost soils 268 § 1. Scope and volume of geocryological engineering investigations ..........................268 § 2. Integrated geocryological engineering survey of territories under construction . . . ................272 § 3. Field and laboratory tests and investigations of permafrost soils..........................275- § 4. Stationary observations at geocryological stations.....282 Chapter VIII. Temperature stability of permafrost soils in the built-up territory........................284 § 1. Significance of the problem and methods of its solution . . 284 § 2. Assessing the general temperature stability of the strata of permafrost soils in the built-up territory.........287 § 3. Influence of local factors on the temperature range of the strata of permafrost soils................299 / § 4. Temperature stability of dams built of local materials under permafrost conditions ..................301 Chapter IX. Bases and foundations on permafrost soils whose frozen state is retained or intensified................31d § 1. Fundamentals for choosing the principle of construction, and method of foundation design...............316 § 2. Methods of retaining the frozen state of the soils in the base 321 § 3. Measures for intensifying the frozen state of the soils in the base.........................332 § 4. Design of foundations constructed according to the method of retaining the frozen state of the soils in the base 336 § 5. Calculating the stability and strength of foundations subject to the forces of frost heaving..............348 § 6. Measures for reducing the forces of frost heaving exerted on foundations .....................353 § 7. Practical examples....................355 Chapter X. Bases and foundations on thawing soils..........363 § 1. Conditions permitting construction on thawing soils .... 363 § 2. The bearing capacity of thawing and thawed soil bases . . 365 § 3. Foundation design based on the limiting deformations (settlements) of the thawing bases...............369 § 4. Taking into account the joint behaviour of foundations and the thawing base ...................387 § 5. Design of foundations in permafrost soils with the thawing of the bases taken into consideration...........391 Chapter XL Preconstruction thawing and features of earth work in permafrost soils ..............395 § 1. Conditions for applying preconstruction thawing in construction on permafrost soils..................395 § 2. Selecting the depth of preconstruction thawing......397 § 3. Determining the permissible time for beginning construction in the preconstruction thawing of the soils........401 § 4. Methods of carrying out the preconstruction thawing of per-. mafrost soils ......................402 § 5. Methods of compacting and stabilizing thawed soils .... 407 § 6. Special features of earth work carried out under conditions of permafrost soils...................411 Referens ........................426 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 [ 145 ] 146 147 148 |
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